Qualitative Research Methodology Assignment Help

EVALUATION
This assignment accounts for 50% of the total marks for the course.
PLAGIARISM: MARKS DEDUCTION
Warning: The submitted assignment will automatically undergo a similarity check. If plagiarism is detected, marks would be deducted as follows:

No.	Similarity Percentage	Marks Deduction (%)
1.	0 – 30	0
2.	30.01 – 50	5
3.	50.01 – 70	10
4.	70.01 - 100	100

If you are not sure what is meant by plagiarism, refer to the various websites which discuss this matter, e.g. owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts. 
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this assignment is to provide you the opportunity to write a paper based on the analysis of qualitative data. You will complete this assignment in two (2) parts:

• data analysis, and
• data interpretation and presentation of findings. 

INSTRUCTIONS:
You are required to complete all TWO parts of the assignment.
QUESTION:
There has been a growing interest in describing the qualities of a good teacher (Azer, 2005; Murphy, Delli & Edwards, 2004). This is important because teachers’ instructional decisions which influence students’ learning experience are influenced by their beliefs in what makes a good teacher (Woolfolk Hoy, Hoy & Davis, 2009). Hence, research on the essence of a good teacher has important implications for teacher education.
You are required to conduct research on the topic “Teacher beliefs in the qualities of a good teacher.”
PART 1: Data Analysis
In this part of the assignment, you will analyse all the data that you have collected for the topic “Teacher beliefs in the qualities of a good teacher.” Use a two-step procedure to analyse your data. 
Step 1:   Indexing and Charting Data

• Identify sections of the data (audio/video recording of interviews and interview transcripts, and documents) that correspond to various themes established in your thematic framework (from Assignment 1). Ensure that the themes are relevant to the research objective.
• Identify data samples for each theme and prepare a chart for all the data that you have collected.  

Step 2:  Conducting Inter-rater Reliability Test
Conducting an inter-rater reliability test involves:

• preparing two lists: one comprises a list of themes and the other a list of data samples.

• getting one or two colleagues to match the themes to the data samples. If there are disagreements, resolve the discrepancies by discussion.

Note:  Inter-rater reliability is described as “the extent to which different coders, each coding the same content, come to the same coding decisions” (Rourke, Anderson, Garrison and Archer (2001, p.6). This verification process is necessary as some amount of subjectivity may be unavoidable in coding transcripts. 
PART 2: Data Interpretation and Presentation of Findings
This part of the assignment requires you to interpret the data and report your findings.
Assignment Description
Based on your qualitative data collection and data analysis, write a paper that is a response to the topic “Teacher beliefs in the qualities of a good teacher.” You may include the following outline for the paper:

• Data analysis:

• describe how data were indexed and charted,
• describe the associations between themes
• include a diagrammatic outline of inter-related themes

Inter-rater reliability: explain how it was conducted

• Data presentation: explain how the data will be presented
• Findings: write the outcome of the analysis of the data

References:
Ritchie, J., Spencer, L. & O’Connor, W. (2003). Carrying out qualitative analysis. In J. Ritchie & J. Lewis (Eds.), Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers. London: Sage
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
MARKING SCHEME FOR ASSIGNMENT 2 (50%)AY 2016

DIMENSION	UNSATISFACTORY 1	POOR EFFORT 2	SATISFACTORY 3	GOOD 4	EXCELLENT 5	WEIGHT & MARKS
Thematic framework	Poor or no description of thematic framework.	Weak description of thematic framework.  At least one of the following is described: - how data from interviews and documents/ audio visual materials are categorised under themes and categories - how data from both sources are charted and merged.	Basic description of thematic framework showing: - how data from interviews and documents/ audio visual materials are categorised under themes and categories - how data from both sources are charted and merged.	Good description of thematic framework showing: - how data from interviews and documents/ audio visual materials are categorised under themes and categories - how data from both sources are charted and merged.	An excellent description of thematic framework showing: - how data from interviews and documents/ audio visual materials are categorised under themes and categories - how data from both sources are charted and merged.	3 (15%)
Inter-rater reliability	Poor or no description of inter-rater reliability.	Weak description of inter-rater reliability demonstrating some but not all of the following: - verification procedure for categorisation scheme - use of data samples from both sources (interviews and documents) - how themes are matched to data samples - calculation of reliability statistics.	Basic description of inter-rater reliability demonstrating: - verification procedure for categorisation scheme - use of data samples from both sources (interviews and documents) - how themes are matched to data samples - calculation of reliability statistics.	Good description of inter-rater reliability demonstrating: - verification procedure for categorisation scheme - use of data samples from both sources (interviews and documents) - how themes are matched to data samples - calculation of reliability statistics.	An excellent description of inter-rater reliability demonstrating: - verification procedure for categorisation scheme - use of data samples from both sources (interviews and documents) - how themes are matched to data samples - calculation of reliability statistics.	3 (15%)
Findings or outcomes of data analysis	Poor or no discussion on purpose of the study and/or data analysis procedures.  Does not demonstrate ability to use Framework Analysis and does not appear to answer the objective of the study.	Weak presentation showing one or two but not all of the following: -discussion on purpose of the study - description of procedures for data analysis and how thematic framework was derived/ Write-up demonstrates basic ability to use Framework Analysis. - Research objective is to some extent answered using outcomes of analysis.	- Basic discussion on purpose of the study - Basic description of procedures for data analysis and how thematic framework was derived/ Write-up demonstrates good ability to use Framework Analysis. - Research objective is somewhat answered using outcomes of analysis.	- Good discussion on purpose of the study - Good description of procedures for data analysis and how thematic framework was derived/ Write-up demonstrates strong ability to use Framework Analysis. - Research objective is well-answered using outcomes of analysis.	- Excellent discussion on significance of the topic - Excellent description of procedures for data analysis and how thematic framework was derived/ Write-up demonstrates very strong ability to use Framework Analysis. - Research objective is extremely well-answered using outcomes of analysis.	4 (20%

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Unit 1 Overview of Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

Unit 1 Overview of Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry 

Time of flight Mass Spectrometry after been created for a very long time did not become very well known, until its resolution was further improved upon by orthogonal acceleration, reflectrons and high speed electronics. The improved resolution coupled with appropriate ion sources and quadrupole mass filter technology has helped in no small way for the observation of particles that can be separated by gas chromatography.

The process of separating ions in TOFMS

The time of flight mass spectrometer functions by calculating the mass dependent time for ions whose masses differ from their sources to the detector. This process requires that the time which these ions leave their source is highly characterized. The formation of particles occurs by a pulsed ionization strategy, usually, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI), or various types of rapid electric filed switching, which aid the discharge of ions from their sources in the shortest available time.

Note: Kinetic energy of an ion discharged

T=eV=mv²/2

Ion velocity (V)=L/t

Substitute this v in to the kinetic energy saver equation,

 m/e=2Vt²/L²,reaarange this equation to obtain the time of-flight: t=L√m/e 1/2V

Reflectron

Ions leaving their sources in a time of flight mass spectrometer have different start times and kinetic energies, efforts have been made to cover up for these differences  by creating a variety of time-of-flight mass spectrometer designs, manufactured to minimize the effects of these differences. A reflectron is an ion optic device which causes a reversal when ions in a time of flight spectrometer go through its mirror, It was invented by (B.A Mamyrin, 1973).

Ions with greater kinetic energies in a linear field reflectron are able to infiltrate much more than those with smaller kinetic energies. It takes a much longer time for those ions that have greater kinetic energy, hence having the ability to penetrate deeper, to come back to the detector. When varying kinetic energies occur in a group of ions with known mass-to-charge ratio, there is a decrease in the spread of the ion flight times, hence, have a positive effect on the time of flight mass spectrometer by improving its resolution. See more : Mergers  Acquisitions and Private Equity Assignment Help

In the instance of a curved field reflectron, it prevents a fluctuation in a perfect detector position for a TOFMS with mass-to-charge proportion, this improves TOFMS resolution.

Flight Time and its Relationship to Mass Equations for time of flight

Every mass has a peculiar time of flight, it occurs when there is a connection between a high voltage pulse and the back plate of the ion pulser, and stops when the detector is struck by the ion,(John Fjeldsted, 2003). To obtain time of flight (t), kinetic energy (E), distance (d) and mass to charge ratio (m) are determined. These time of flight analysis can be solved using two popular formulae:

The first one is the Kinetic energy formula: E = 1/2mv²

which is solved for m as shown below:

m = 2E/v²

and also solved for v as shown below:

v = ` (2E/m)

In the mathematical equation above: in a given Kinetic energy (E), there is a difference  in  velocities as there is in masses, smaller masses have higher velocities while bigger ones have smaller velocities, this is a perfect illustration of the actions in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The detector is struck faster by ions with lower masses, it is better to gauge the time an ion strikes the detector, than to determine its velocity.

Figure:3. Time of flight investigations of different masses, each with a single charge. This illustration is presented in a linear time of flight mass spectrometer without an ion mirror for clarity sake.

Remember the second mathematical statement: v=d/t

Consolidating the first and second: m = (2E/d2)t², (Tom Field,2010, p.4)

We are able to derive the time of flight relationship, Kinetic energy (E), with a distance (d), the mass (m) is directly proportional to the square of the time of flight of the ion.

We are able to derive the time of flight relationship, Kinetic energy (E), with a distance (d), the mass (m) is directly proportional to the square of the time of flight of the ion. Much exertion is given to maintaining the values of the E applied to ions, in configuring an oa-TOF mass spectrometer, while the distance (d) the ions travel is constant. This is to ensure that an exact mass value is obtained from an exact estimation of flight time. Therefore: m = At²

This equation is ideal for deciding the ion flight time and mass relationship.  A delay is recorded in practice, from the time control hardware initiates a pulse to the time a high voltage is experienced on the back ion pulser plate, likewise, a delay is also recorded from the arrival of ion at the detector to the digitization of ion by acquisition electronics.  Although, these period of lag are short, however, they are important, since we cannot measure the true time of flight , we adjust the measured time “tm”, this is done by subtracting the aggregate of both the start and stop lag times, which can be given as t=tm-to.  Read more : Mobile Client/Server Application Assignment Help

By substitution, the essential formula that can be applied for geuine estimations then becomes: m=A(tm-2)

TOFMS optimization for mass accuracy, resolution and dynamic range

Mass calibration

To be able to solve for mass (m) from measured flight time (tm), “A” and “to” needs to be settled, therefore, a calibration is carried out. This process is done with by analyzing a solution of compounds of known masses with high accuracy level, a table is drawn of flight times comparing known masses, (John Fjeldsted , 2003, p5). This is illustrated in table 1. Order Now

Unit 2 Overview of Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

Unit 2 Overview of Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

Table 1. TOF Mass Calibration

Calibrant compound mass (u)	Flight time(μsec)
49.99626	13.2900
68.99466	15.8984
130.99147	20.8786
218.98508	26.6954
263.98656	29.2101
413.97697	36.3206
501.97058	39.8914

“m” and “tm” have known values over the mass range, the calculation to decide “A and to” is done by a computer that accepts data from the instrument. Non linear regression method is used to discover the values, so that the right hand side and left hand side of the  equation match as much as obtainable for each of the eight of the mass values in the calibration.

It is important to have another step of calibration, as the earlier derivations, though accurate are not precise enough. After resolving “A and to” there is a comparison between the real mass values for the calibration masses and their calculated values qualities fro equation. There is usually a deviation of just a few parts per million(ppm). A second pass correction is carried out to obtain a better mass calibration, since the deviations obtained are not so great and are relatively consistent. Read more : Five Personality Traits Assignment part 1

Reference mass correction

To deliver exact mass estimations, it is important to establish a very precise mass calibration, A slight change in energy applied to ions brings about a detectable mass movement, this defeats the objective of achieving mass accuracies at or even below 3 ppm. It is possible to counterbalance these effects by employing the use of reference mass correction.

Dynamic Range

Dynamic range can be measured in various methods; probably the most accurate definition for mass spectrometry is the in-scan condition,(TOFMS,2011, P.12). It is the dynamic range within a single spectrum, defined as the ratio in signal abundance of the biggest and smallest useful mass peaks. Despite the confinement to the in-scan meaning of dynamic range, the boundaries of this confinements must be characterized, which include the hypothetical and practical confinements.  In the hypothetical confinement, it is conceivable to single out a lone ion, however for all intents and purposes, this is obscured and considered as low level in a chemical background. For practical confinements, it is more dependent on the application, for instance: the lower limit is set by the base example sum, where exact mass estimations can be retrieved, when the instrument is used to obtain precise mass estimation.

Taking in to consideration the confinement of ion measurements, the base example sum is decided. With a goal of achieving an objective of 5 ppm mass precision, with a certainty level of 67% considering a lone unaveraged spectrum allowing for 1ppm of calibration error, the 1s=4 ppm.  According to the presumption of 10,000 resolving power, approximately 200 ions will be required for this estimation.

This data is autonomous of acquisition innovation, and depends on determining power and particle ion statistics, the estimation is unaffected by back-ground pollution as it is of the assumption that there is a note worthy sensitivity(signal to –noise).

Appropriate ion sources for TOFMS

Electrospray ionization and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) are new strategies for ionization; they are better suited for substantial organic molecules, as they have an advantage over the old technique called the “Electron gun”, which has destructive effects  like complete fragmentation of a molecule, leaving no molecular ion.

Electrospray Ionization (ESI): it often creates charged ions, whose quantities are directly proportional to atomic weight increase. A sample solution is showered from a needle in to an orifice in the interface over a high potential difference, the ion existing in the sample solution are broken by applying heat and gas streams. See more : Business Organization System part 1

+ good for charged, polar or basic compounds, m/z alright for most MS, best for multiple charged ions, low foundation, controlled fragmentation, MS/MS compatible

- integral to APCI: not useful for uncharged, non-fundamental, low-polarity compounds, low ion currents mass range <200'000Da, (Pierre-Alain Binz,2004, p.4)

MALDI: Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization: analyte co-cystallized in matrix.

The matrix chromophore ingests and appropriate the energy of a laser, created plasma, vaporizes and ionize the sample.

+ rapid, convenient for molecular weight (lone charged ions for the most part)

- MS/MS difficult almost not compatible with LC coupling <500'000Da, (Pierre-Alain Binz, 2004, p.5).

Fig.3: Example of matrices used in MALDI

Detection System

A detection apparatus is very sensitive; Ions isolated by mass to charge proportion are easily detected. Under low pressure, with the aid of electrostatic lenses, ions are gathered to the analyzer, the sensitivity level have improved with advances in technology.

Advantages of Time of Flight Mass Spectrum

• It is ranked the highest mass range of all the Mass Spectrum analyzers
• It has a very high ion transmission
• It is the fastest known MS analyzer
• It is appropriate for pulsed ionization methods
• MS/MS information from post-source decay

Disadvantages

• It has a limited precursor- ion selectivity
• It requires pulsed ionization method
• TOF fast digitizers have limited dynamic range

References

• R PLAB. (2008).Time of flight Mass Spectrometry. ECT workshop Mass Olympics, Trento, Italy, 2-8.

• Peter Van Galen. (2005) .Mass Spectrometry. Organic chemistry department, Nijmegen University, (4-24). Order Now

Education And Development Of A Country

Development is defined in general as progressive change and growth. Development is thus a broad term that is used by different educationists in various ways. One such educationists, C. V. Good, defined development as changes, often growth, in structure, function and organization of an institution or country, which involve differentiation, complexity, integration, capacity, efficiency and maturity (Centre for Global Development, 2002). Development as a concept represents the application of progress as a general idea, especially in the political and socio-economic spheres of the nation. The relationship between development and education can, therefore, be argued to have evolved with the changing meaning of the concept of development. Whereas the traditional definition of development focused on the stage reached by national societies, contemporary concept of development focuses on theapplication of science and technology to production (Centre for Global Development, 2002). Subsequently, education, especially schooling, has been considered a pre-condition for development in contemporary policies.

Perhaps it was this modern connection between development and education that guided the formulation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). One of the MDGs suggested that states should ensure that there was universal education, marked by free primary education (FPE), is meaningful development was to be achieved by the year 2015 (Saleha, 2008). The rationale here was that education accorded people the capacity to have improved health, earn higher wages and experience economic growth, and achieve democracy and political stability (Centre for Global Development, 2002).

Democracy and political instability are perhaps the most important factors of foreign investment, which is essential for the ultimate development of a nation. Satisfactory wages and improved health leads to a happy labor force which is highly productive leading to economic growth. I, therefore, agree that education is the single most important factor in the development of a country.

List of References

Centre for Global Development (2002). Education and the developing world: Why is education essential for development? Rich World, Poor World: A Guide to Global Development.CGD

Saleha, P. (2008 June). Female education and national development: as viewed by women activists and advocates.Bulletin of Education & Research, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 33-41

Dealing With Asthma

Dealing With Asthma

What is Asthma about?

Probably you have seen/felt a repeated and persistent shortness of breath together with a whistling sound coming out from the chest, and this happen especially when doing some physical activity and/or during the night.  These signs could be indicators for a visit to the healthcare provider since you may be witnessing/having an asthma episode. Dealing with Asthma may be a long term commitment that required the expertise of a specialized health care provider, but especially one should be inform of the details of this condition in order to take actions that can prevent the uncomfortable Asthma episodes.

Asthma is a chronic (long lasting) respiratory disease very common in children and according to the World Health Organization (WHO) this condition affects 235 million people worldwide regardless the level of development of the countries.

Where does the Asthma come from?

Asthma nowadays still remain as an “idiopathic disease”, which means its causes are not completely clear, but until now innate and acquired causes has been described:

• It refers to something has been existing from the time the person was born due to the parents or previous generation within the family have passed this “anomalous information” through their genes to the personthat is actually affected.
• Any kinds of aerial substance (e.g., dust, strong smells, smoke, animal dander, pollution, pollen) coming from the environment that irritates the airways are called “allergens”, these allergens activate the immune system and this in turn produce histamine thus causing an inflammatory reaction that swell the tissues and narrow the airways thus affecting the normal air flow through the lungs thereby provoking the Asthma episode. 

Preventing Asthma episodes

Despite all the inconvenient and setbacks this condition represent for those affected, it is possible to deal with it and to live as normal as possible. Here some advices to control this condition:

• Talk to your healthcare provider.This is the first step to consider since with the expertise of a specialized health care providerwho will evaluate your Asthma condition will determine what treatment and life style may be the most convenient for you, this is a priority decision to consider in order to control this condition by following an expert’s advice.
• Do exercise. It is well known that physical activity may provoke an Asthma episode, but these are the called long period exercise (e.g., running short distance marathons, football, basketball), however by using your “pre-exercise medicine” prescribed by your doctor and doing short distance and non-intensive exercise (swimming, walking, yoga, stretching, biking) will improve your condition and prevent the episodes.Doing aerobic and non-intensive exercise will help you to oxygen all the lungs areas which improve the air flow in the airways, and not even mention all the benefits from losing weight or keep you fit.
• Eat properly. Connection between diet and asthma isclearly defined, however the obesity has been associated with more severe asthma episodes, as well as some food that may provoke you allergy attackscould detonate an asthma episode as well.
• Avoid stress. Any tense situation (anxiety, stress, fear) that could interfere in a proper way to breathe in and out will not allow to oxygen your lungs properly which may lead you to repetitive asthma episodes.
• Smoking? Forget it! First, second or third hand smoke should be avoid it, since smoke irritates the airways and may detonate asthma episodes.Not everyone around may be aware of your condition thus while dealing with asthmaplaces where you may be exposed to this should be totally avoided.

Asthma Drug Treatment

Nowadays short and long-term pharmacological treatment is available for those with asthma, such treatments are determine for the health care provider once each individual have been evaluated and the condition has been known. But as you have read before, the life style and measures that one decide to take may have a great impact in the success of this journey.

There’s Hope

Although a lot remains unclear when decoding the real causes of this asthma disease, but much is already known about how it works and therefore it is a great benefit to apply these knowledge in order to live as free as possible when having this condition.

Always to Remember!

• Talk to your Doctor as soon as possible.
• Do aerobic-short distances exercise.
• Eat healthy.
• No stress.
• Do not smoke.

Dealing with Asthma is Possible

Asthma is a long-term condition to live with, it affects millions of people around the world regardless social conditions, the causes still are unknown although genetic and environmental causes are assigned to it which means from genes to aeroallergens (particles in the air) may trigger the episodes. Despite these facts all is not lost when fighting this disease, environmental conditions can be controlled with professional help and doing your part, this may take some effort but definitely it will help a lot the drug treatment your doctor has decided is the best. 

Change Management Strategy

Change Management Strategy

PART 1

Question 1

In the change management plan, one can account for the organizational readiness to change.  This can be done through assessment of the depth, scope and the size of change. The scope of change can be examined on how it will impact employees, departments and overall organization.  Secondly, in the change management plan one should also consider the existing culture and value system, and whether they are conducive for change. Alternatively, factors such as existing leadership styles, employee readiness for change, residual effects and even middle managements predisposition to change should also be examined. It is evident that some organizations have limited capacity to have change. This means that if an organization is experiencing a change it means that having another change being implement is a difficult affair. The readiness to change can be examined through the employee preparedness to achieve change in the organization.

If you have an organizational culture that is resistance to change but the clients wants to proceed with the change initiative without addressing the pertinent culture issues, it is advisable to introduce democracy in the organization and collaborative leadership. Pertinent issues that prevent change from being achieved can be addressed through improved communication about the benefits of having the change.All the doubters to the change should be encouraged to be actively engaged in the process. In addition, it is also advisable to create a platform for feedback, listen to the critics and encourage them to change their perspectives.  Throughout the change process, it is important to encourage people to adapt to the change process so as to improve their understanding to the process. This will encourage every individual to have improved readiness for the change process (Burnes, 2004).

Question 2

            In the article, Mapping out a game plan for change, the Austin argues that one should always plan to be wrong.In this statement, the author means that in some cases resistance to change is evitable. This can be demonstrated in cases where the organization had not adequately planned for change.  It is important for organizations to motivate their stakeholders so as to interest them in the change plan. Any potential interest in the achievement of a change will lead to improved acceptance to change. However, if the management does not encourage its employees to accept the change process, it is difficult to achieve it.Consequently, it is always advisable to create a change management process that is flexible for discussion in case of any resistance. This will help the organization to generate momentum and enthusiasm in the change process (Griffin, 2007).

One of the real life examples is introduction of new technology in an organization. Some employees may resist its introduction due to lack of interest in technology usage or the lack of knowledge about the technology. When mapping out the change plan for the new technology, it is advisable to plan to be wrong. This is because even if the management implements the new technology without involvement of the employees in the process, this could derail the process in which the employees shall acquire understanding about the technology (Skyttner, 2005).

Question 3

            As a consultant, I shall act as a change agent in many ways so as to inculcate it to my client. Firstly, I shall inspire a clear vision to be achieved by the change. This will help to tap the strengths of every stakeholder in the organization hence improve their performance. Secondly, I shall also be patient yet persistent since a change can only be sustained through a step to step process. Thirdly, as a consultant, I shall also be asking tough questions to ensure that there is accountability in the change process. Asking questions helps people to think about their ideas and what they would accomplish in the long run.  I shall also demonstrate character and credibility through knowledge that helps me to lead by example.  I shall also build strong relationships that are built on trust. It is evident that when there is a solid trust between people it is easy to push for the achievement of change (Burnes, 2004).

Some of the potential limits that may hinder my ability to initiate change include any form of resistance from the employees. It is evident not all people will like you especially when you are initiating change to them. Any form of resistance may hinder one from having necessary changes.A culture of negativity may also hinder the organization from having effective changes.When people are negative it is difficult to change their mindsets to become change agents. Sullen hostility and lack of participation are some of the factors that can prevent change from being accomplished in an organization.  Lack of effective leadership can act as a limitation for a change to be accomplished. This might cause a lot of problems hence prevent the change from being effective (Sobia Khan et al., 2014).

Question 4

            The success of change in a change management plan can only be measured through benchmarking and gap analysis. Benchmarking consists of comparing the processes of the firm and the impact of the change in the organization. If the organization offers the best practices, then it is easier to know whether the change will have an impact on the organization. If the change was successful in other organization there is likelihoodor a probability that the change will have a significant impact on the current organization.Secondly, one can also undertake a gap analysis to measure where the firm stands currently and the direction it is heading. The gap is analyzed as a strategy to help realize whether a change could lead to organizational success (Skyttner, 2005).

There are many challenges for consultants that are present in measuring the success or failure of a plans implementation. Firstly, it is evident that different organization may have different cultures that make it impossible to know whether the change would be successful or otherwise failure.Another challenge is that employees may first fail to demonstrate the failure to the change hence make it impossible to predict failure. At first there might be little resistance in the organization that might prevent the management from predicting what might happen in the future (Burnes, 2004).

PART 2           

Business Case for the Change	The proposed change initiative is implementation of new performance testing software technology in the workplace. The new technology should be implemented since it helps to maximize the performance of the employees. This project supports the goals of the business as it helps to monitor performance and provide the top management with feedback on areas that need to be improved in the workplace. The benefits of this software outweigh the costs in the long run. This is because they help to improve company’s bottom line as a result of improved effectiveness from the part of the employees.  The main expected return on business is improved employee efficiency and improved returns from the employees.
Barriers to Change	There are many barriers to change that may exist in an organization. These include, existing culture and values that may lead to resistance. Secondly, resistance from employees who fear change and the managers might feel threated by the change.
Change management Strategy	In order to influence change, several factors need to be taken into account so as to make that change effective.One of the processes that need to be put into account is involvement, planning and measuring the aims. This will help to create a team that is ready to undergo a process of change. As a change agent, I shall increase agency and get the vision right. This shall help to create an emotional aspect of the change process. Moreover, I shall also inspire action that will lead to the management of the change process. It is evident that communicating vision helps to involve as many people as possible hence improving the way people accepts the change process. This also improves their understanding to the change process.
Define Solution	The process of change can take approximately one year. It is difficult to achieve change in a short period of time. This means that if any change has to occur, the organization should be willing to ensure that everyone has been educated on the benefit of implementing it. In order to execute the technology implementation, I shall first carry out a gap analysis during the planning phase to assess what is needed so as to implement the change. I shall then communicate the objectives to the relevant stakeholders in the organization and then begin the process of implementation. During this phase, I shall engage every individual in the workplace so as to encourage feedback from the employees and encourage them to adapt to the change effectively.

References

Burnes, B. (2004). Kurt Lewin and the planned approach to change: A re- appraisal. Journal of Management Studies, 41(6), 977-1002.

Griffin, R. W. (2007). Fundamentals of management: Core concepts and applications. Boston, Mass: Houghton Mifflin.

Skyttner, L. (2005). General systems theory: Problems, perspectives, practice. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific.

Sobia Khan et al (2014). The development of online decision support tool for organizational readiness for change. Article from NCBI. Retrieved fromhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4030031/

Quality And Principles Of Education

Quality And Principles Of Education

1. Issues and Challenges:

There are three major issues that can be documented: first the nature of education, second the strain in the middle of local and worldwide needs and third the 'language apartheid' which Pakistan is encountering in the present times. Furthermore, there is an issue of supportability and consequently long-term effect of contributor supported tasks.Each of these issues will be examined under the following headings:

1.1 Quality And Principles Of Education:

English medium language is broadly thought to be synonymous with astounding education. Does it, along these lines, astonish that folk lean toward an English medium education for their kids? This can be found in the multiplication of private English medium schools even in the remote territories of Pakistan (Rahman, T. 2002).

As specified prior, the choice to begin teaching English from first grade is taken by every single chose government not long after they came into force as a political motion as opposed to as an outflow of their political will to give chances to increasing widespread proficiency in English (Shamim, F., 2008). This choice is taken with no attainability study or a well-examined and cognizant execution plan. The latest Education Policy (Government of Pakistan, 2009) likewise prescribes the instructions of English as a subject from first grade and utilization of English as the medium of guideline for Science and Mathematics from grade IV onwards. Though, as Coleman, H. (2010b) focuses out, there is an absence of clarity around a few parts of this approach. Coleman additionally takes note of that there are some inward contradictions in the strategy archived; for instance, the approach mandate of utilizing English for Science and Mathematics from grade IV and V is inconsistent with prior proclamations about schools picking any language as medium of teaching between grade I and V.

Naturally, there exists a gap between the "unwritten" dialect policy and routine of the instructing-learning of English in Pakistan. These have prompted a circumstance whereby the larger part of school and college graduates from public sector and enter to the job market with lesser proficiency aptitudes in English.

1.2 Pressure in the Middle of Local and Worldwide Needs:

Language makes the personality and it is an instrument for speaking to local values, culture and society. From one perspective, the privilege to study one's own language is currently viewed as an essential human right (Segota, J., 2001). Then again, there is a critical felt need, especially among the youth, to relate to the global world society. Colleges and universities in Pakistan are likewise confronted with the test of accomplishing universally perceived scholastic excellence and status, predominantly through the medium of English, while in the meantime serving the needs of the local populace.

The examples of language use in the public eye point to the utilization of Urdu as the most widely used language in Pakistan. Urdu is utilized by the vast majority as a part of country fundamentally their local language. Likewise, while English is utilized for official purposes like in documentation and correspondence, Urdu and/or the other local languages are for the most part utilized for oral association as a part of government workplaces. In the urban communities, just a small section of the public, the educated upper class, use English for their regular correspondence. The challenge is to keep up a suitable balance in the decision of language in teaching among individual, societal and national improvement needs.

1.3 A Condition of Language Apartheid:

In Pakistan, knowledge with and utilization of English are pointers of being in social class, being educated and having a pure family foundation. Like, the words 'Urdu medium' and 'English medium' in Pakistan are intensely stacked with monetary and socio-cultural implications. Subsequently their utilization signifies more than simply the medium of guideline through which a student has learned in a school, college or university under HEC. Actually, a student with an 'English medium' institution is viewed as better in all dimensions contrasted than somebody who belongs to Urdu medium educational foundation. Therefore, we are moving towards a condition of language apartheid.

References:

Coleman, H. (2010b). Teaching and Learning in Pakistan: The Role of Language in Education. Islamabad: British Council.

Government of Pakistan,(2009). National Education Policy. Islamabad: Ministry of Education.

Rahman, T. (2002).Language, Ideology and Power. Karachi: Oxford University Press.

Segota, J. (2001). Board of Directors reaffirms position on language rights. TESOL Matters 6 February.

Shamim, F. (2008). Trends, issues and challenges in English language education in Pakistan. Asia Pacific Journal of Education 28(3), 235-249.